SG
Introduced 1989 has much more active dispersant to combat black sludge
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API (American Petroleum Institute) specifications are often seen on oil containers and they show the minimum standard of oil that can be used in an engine. You can't really use the API specifications to measure the quality of an oil as many of the top end ester based oils meet API SL rather than the latest API SM specification
Shop for API Spec Engine Oil / Gearbox Oils
Introduced 1989 has much more active dispersant to combat black sludge
Introduced 1993 has same engine tests as SG, but includes phosphorus limit 0.12%, together with control of foam, volatility and shear stability
Introduced 1996 has the same engine tests as SG/SH, but phosphorus limit 0.10% together with variation on volatility limit.
Introduced 2001, all new engine tests reflective of modern engine designs meeting current emissions standard
Introduced November 2004, improved oxidation resistance, deposit protection and wear protection, also better low temperature performance over the life of the oil compared to previous category
Introduced 1955, international standard for turbo diesel engine oils for many years, uses single cylinder test engine only.
Introduced 1984, improved control of oil consumption, oil thickening, piston deposits an wear, uses additional multi cylinder test engine.
Introduced 1990, further improvements in control of oil consumption and piston deposits, uses low emission test engine
Introduced 1994, modernised version of CD, reverts to single cylinder low emission test engine. Intended for certain indirect injection engine
Introduced 1994, defines effective control of cylinder deposits and ring face scuffing, intended for 2 stroke diesel engine
Introduced 1994, development of CF4 giving improved control of piston deposits, wear, oxidation stability and soot entrainment. Uses low sulphur diesel fuel in engine test
Introduced 1998, development of CG4, giving further improvements in control of soot related wear and piston deposits, uses more comprehensive engine test program to include low and high sulphur fuels SG - Introduced 1989 has much more active dispersant to combat black sludge.
Introduced 2002, developed to meet 2004 emission standards, may be used where EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) systems are fitted and with fuel containing up to 0.5 % sulphur. May be used where API CD, CE, CF4, CG4 and CH4 oils are specified